Aetiology and life cycle
نویسنده
چکیده
There are four forms of hydatid disease. Echinococcus granulosus (EG) is the most common and gives rise to cystic hydatid disease (CHD), which is the focus of this review. Echinococcus multilocularis is uncommon and causes alveolar hydatid disease (AHD), which is far more aggressive and frequently mimics malignancy. The rarest clinical form is Echinococcus vogeli or polycystic hydatid disease (PHD), with characteristics between CHD and AHD. Recently a new strain, Echinococcus shiquicus, has been identified on the Tibetan plateau but to date no human infection has been described. CHD is a zoonosis infecting a variety of domestic and wild animals. There is no host specificity for the larval stage of EG, but the commonest intermediate hosts are sheep, cattle, buffalo, camels and pigs. The definitive hosts are canids (dogs, jackals, hyenas and foxes in Africa).
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